Variables that are declared as rand or randc inside a class are randomized using the built-in randomize() method. The method returns 1 if randomization was successful, and 0 if it failed. It can fail due to a variety of reasons like conflicting constraints, solver could not come up with a value that meets all constraints and such. Class objects are not randomized automatically, and hence we should always call the randomize() method to do randomization.
Syntax
virtual function int randomize ();
Let's look at a simple example to see how randomize() can be called.
class Beverage;
rand bit [7:0] beer_id;
constraint c_beer_id { beer_id >= 10;
beer_id <= 50; };
endclass
module tb;
Beverage b;
initial begin
b = new ();
$display ("Initial beerId = %0d", b.beer_id);
if (b.randomize ())
$display ("Randomization successful !");
$display ("After randomization beerId = %0d", b.beer_id);
end
endmodule
Simulation Log
run -all;
# KERNEL: Initial beerId = 0
# KERNEL: Randomization successful !
# KERNEL: After randomization beerId = 25
# KERNEL: Simulation has finished. There are no more test vectors to simulate.
There are a couple of callback functions that are automatically called by randomize() before and after computing random values.
pre_randomize()
This function is defined within the same class whose object will be randomized and called before randomization().
function void pre_randomize();
Example We'll add a pre_randomize() function to the example discussed earlier.
class Beverage;
rand bit [7:0] beer_id;
constraint c_beer_id { beer_id >= 10;
beer_id <= 50; };
function void pre_randomize ();
$display ("This will be called just before randomization");
endfunction
endclass
Simulation Log
run -all;
# KERNEL: Initial beerId = 0
# KERNEL: This will be called just before randomization
# KERNEL: Randomization successful !
# KERNEL: After randomization beerId = 25
# KERNEL: Simulation has finished. There are no more test vectors to simulate.
post_randomize()
This function is also defined within the same class whose object will be randomized and called after randomization().
function void post_randomize();
Example We'll add a post_randomize() function to the example discussed earlier.
class Beverage;
rand bit [7:0] beer_id;
constraint c_beer_id { beer_id >= 10;
beer_id <= 50; };
function void pre_randomize ();
$display ("This will be called just before randomization");
endfunction
function void post_randomize ();
$display ("This will be called just after randomization");
endfunction
endclass
Simulation Log
run -all;
# KERNEL: Initial beerId = 0
# KERNEL: This will be called just before randomization
# KERNEL: This will be called just after randomization
# KERNEL: Randomization successful !
# KERNEL: After randomization beerId = 25
# KERNEL: Simulation has finished. There are no more test vectors to simulate.
Override
What we did before is to override existing empty pre_randomize() and post_randomize() methods with our own definition. This is a neat way to change randomization characteristics of an object. If the class is a derived class and no user-defined implementation of the two methods exist, then both methods will automatically call its super function.
Note that pre_randomize() and post_randomize() are not virtual, but behave as virtual methods. In case you try to manually make them virtual, you'll probably hit a compiler error as shown next.
class Beverage;
rand bit [7:0] beer_id;
virtual function void pre_randomize ();
$display ("This will be called just before randomization");
endfunction
endclass
Simulation Log
virtual function void pre_randomize ();
|
ncvlog: *E,CLSMNV (testbench.sv,7|36): The pre_randomize() method cannot be declared virtual.
Also note the following points:
- If
randomize()fails, thenpost_randomize()is not called randomize()method is built-in and cannot be overriden- If randomization fails, then the variables retain their original values and are not modified